Officers Caught Spying on Wives Using Flock Cameras
Officers Caught Spying on Wives Using Flock Cameras
The News
Police officers in at least three American cities are under investigation for running personal license-plate searches on Flock's surveillance camera network — and in every case, it was journalists, not their own departments, who caught them.
The Washington Post, in an investigation published August 24 and carried by Yahoo News, reported that it used publicly available Flock search logs to identify three officers whose search histories showed signs of misuse. All three departments, when contacted, said they did not regularly audit how officers used the system.
The Post found that at least 69 police officials have been accused of, charged with, or convicted of misusing Flock or other license-plate readers. In at least 15 of those cases, someone outside the department — a victim, an activist, or a reporter — spotted the problem first.
Timeline
Indianapolis Police Chief Tanya Terry publishes an op-ed in the Indianapolis Business Journal telling residents her department has "clear policies" ensuring its 301 Flock cameras are "used for its intended purpose: solving crimes and saving lives."
A Post reporter asks her department about one of its own officers, who appeared to have used Flock to track vehicles used by his wife and two close personal acquaintances — 3,759 searches over 10 months, about 12 lookups a day.
One week after being notified, the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department announces on Facebook that it has disciplined the officer. He is suspended without pay, faces administrative and criminal investigations, and the department is recommending his termination. The Post is not naming him because he has not been charged.
In Haines City, Florida, officer Christopher Goodson, 31, is arrested and charged after the Post began asking about his Flock usage. According to a police affidavit, Goodson had searched his wife's license plate repeatedly over nearly two years and told a superior he did it to keep track of their kids. Neither she nor her vehicle was ever part of a criminal investigation during that period, the affidavit said. A department spokeswoman said authorities never audited Flock use during those two years.
In New Bedford, Massachusetts, an officer testifies at a court hearing that "there was never any training for" Flock in the department. A judge extends a restraining order against an officer who told the court she used the tool to look for her ex-girlfriend's vehicle as part of an investigation. A department spokeswoman declined to comment.
Highland Heights, Ohio, conducts its first-ever audit of officer Flock use — after the Post asked about a part-time officer who appeared to have searched the locations of five license plates more than 1,000 times each. Chief Dennis Matejcic said in an email that the department had no policy governing Flock use. The officer's access was pulled and she will not be scheduled to work during the investigation.
Police in Douglas, Massachusetts, announce they are deactivating all department Flock accounts and cameras "effective immediately," the Boston Globe reported.
Reactions
Terry acknowledged in an interview that until recently her department had no regular practice of auditing officers' searches, calling the case "a learning process for us."
"Public trust is the foundation of effective policing," the Indianapolis department said in its August 13 Facebook post. "When conduct falls short of our standards, we will acknowledge it, correct it, and improve."
Max Isaacs, director of technology law and policy at New York University School of Law's Policing Project, said the fact that reporters found the misuse without the tools departments have shows "a need for systematic auditing that just isn't happening now." He added: "I think at a lot of agencies, you just don't have anyone really looking."
Eric Atstupenas, general counsel for the Massachusetts Chiefs of Police Association, which trains nearly 400 law enforcement officials in the state, said every agency should assign one person or team to review the logs regularly. "Somebody has to own it, and somebody has to actually read the logs," he said.
Walker Lasbury, founder of the Indiana advocacy group Eyes Off Indiana, said the case proves the state needs rules. "The problem is, we don't have the safeguards in place to identify this kind of misuse, let alone prevent it," he said. Indiana has no laws governing police use of the technology. A spokesman for the Indianapolis police said the department supports statewide standards.
Departments are not abandoning the cameras. Fort Worth Police Chief Eddie Garcia defended his department's use of Flock while telling WFAA that officers using the system are themselves being watched. "Misuse certainly hurts the credibility of departments that do that," Garcia said.
Douglas police made the same point on their way out. "The Flock system has been an effective investigative tool for us and has been instrumental in helping us solve several serious crimes," the department's statement said. "However, given the divisive atmosphere surrounding its use we believe deactivating the system is the appropriate decision at this time." The Telegram and Gazette reported the decision followed the vandalism of three of the town's seven cameras; the vandalism was not mentioned in the department's statement.
What's Next
Flock, the Atlanta-based company behind the cameras, offers departments audit tools including automatic scans for suspicious usage — and plans to make those scans the default for all customers in the coming months. The company declined to comment on how individual customers handle oversight.
Indianapolis and Haines City have both pledged to issue new policies mandating audits of Flock usage, and both have opened criminal investigations. Highland Heights' internal investigation is ongoing.
Thirteen states currently require law enforcement agencies to audit how officers use license-plate readers. Most do not.
In Massachusetts, where Flock cameras have been installed in more than 100 communities, Douglas becomes roughly the twelfth town to drop or suspend the system, according to the Globe. Officers in Lynn, New Bedford and Stow have been suspended pending misuse investigations.
More
The backlash is running ahead of the evidence in both directions. Writing in City Journal on August 24, criminologists and former police officers Ian Adams and Scott Mourtgos published what they describe as the first quasi-experimental study of fixed license-plate reader networks, using one vendor's installation records for 216 agencies against a control group of about 1,800 comparable agencies.
Their finding: in the year after cameras went live, motor vehicle theft fell about 11 percent relative to the comparison agencies, arrest clearance for vehicle theft rose about 16 percent, and among vehicles that were recovered, recovery came about six hours sooner. Other property crime at the same agencies did not fall at similar levels.
The authors are blunt about the limits of that work. "Our research does not, however, address the costs of ALPRs," they wrote. "We cannot say how often officers will turn the database on an ex, or what it costs a woman to learn her plate was run hundreds of times."
They also note the abuse problem predates Flock: the Associated Press counted more than 325 instances over three years of officers and employees fired, suspended or forced out for misusing confidential law enforcement databases, and Minnesota's legislative auditor found in 2013 that more than half of the state's 11,000 law enforcement database users had made queries suggestive of misuse.
Adams and Mourtgos also point to a case where the technology caught its own abusers: a Georgia department fired five officers this summer after Flock's audit tool flagged their searches. The catch, as the Post's reporting shows, is that somebody has to turn the tool on.
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