Scientists Warn Climate 'Big One' Is Inevitable
Scientists Warn Climate 'Big One' Is Inevitable
The News
Climate scientists say a catastrophic weather disaster is no longer a hypothetical — it is a matter of when, not if, according to an Associated Press report published Monday.
Researchers interviewed by the AP describe the threat as an "extreme of extremes," or the "Other Big One," a play on California's long-feared major earthquake.
Their central point: the planetary ingredients for a massive disturbance have been building for years, and no country is truly prepared for one.
The AP notes that the country that has released the most greenhouse gas, and thus contributed most to climate change, is the United States.
Timeline
Amateur scientist Eunice Newton Foote, living in Seneca Falls, New York, ran experiments placing substances including carbon dioxide and moist air in glass cylinders in the sun. The cylinders with carbon dioxide heated up faster and took longer to cool after sundown.
"The Day After Tomorrow" puts a climate scientist played by Dennis Quaid on screen warning a U.N. conference in Delhi that failing to cut emissions will bring extreme weather.
Seismologist Lucy Jones, then with the U.S. Geological Survey, worked with Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti's administration on an initiative that produced widespread retrofitting and earthquake preparedness in LA, later copied in other California cities.
Australia's "Black Summer" wildfires scorch 19 million hectares, over 46 million acres.
Kim Stanley Robinson publishes "The Ministry for the Future," which opens with a heat wave and grid failure in India that kills 20 million people.
Flooding leaves a third of Pakistan under water. That January, the U.K. Climate Risk Assessment had put the chance of 40C (104F) heat before 2040 at 0.02%. That summer, parts of the U.K. topped 40C.
According to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 84% of the world's corals expelled the microscopic algae they depend on in response to heat stress, a process that often leads to dying.
Hurricanes Milton and Helene ravage parts of the southern United States.
Earth runs 1.44 degrees Celsius (2.59 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the early 1800s. The AP also cites last year's Texas floods that engulfed young campers, the Los Angeles wildfires that chewed through entire neighborhoods, and Typhoon Kalmaegi, which walloped Vietnam and the Philippines.
Reactions
Daniel Swain, a climate scientist with the California Institute for Water Resources, said the warnings carry a credibility cost. "The risk is that people just think you are exaggerating," he told the AP. "It's the 'Boy Who Cried Wolf' problem. Sometimes wolves are real. If it's outside the door, wouldn't you want to know?"
Sarah Perkins-Kirkpatrick, a climate scientist at Australian National University, said she had a "come to Jesus moment" on realizing extreme events would not stop even if the world hit net zero immediately. "It's the issue of the frog in the boiling water," she said. "If we get used to bracing ourselves, are we going to notice?"
Sonia Seneviratne, a Swiss climatologist who vice chairs a working group of the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, compared the risk to smoking and lung cancer — not a certainty, but higher odds a doctor is obliged to name. "If such an event happened, I could already see the criticism of people saying, 'Climate scientists didn't tell us,'" she said. "But we did."
Jones, the seismologist behind the LA earthquake push, said belief drives action. "Climate denial is one way of coping," she said, describing the rationalization as "I won't believe it's true, so I'll feel safer."
President Trump has called climate change "the greatest con job ever," labeled climate policies a "Green New Scam" and said U.N. climate predictions were made by "stupid people." The AP reports there is no expectation of major government-led U.S. efforts to combat climate change as the country marks its 250th birthday.
Robinson, whose novel was published in 2020, told the AP that if he were writing today he would add a chapter on wildfires, which have become larger and more destructive. The book, he said, "still has a purpose."
What's Next
This year's El Nino, a natural and periodic warming cycle, is expected to be the strongest ever recorded, which the AP reports could push temperatures higher still and break records.
Scientists say the exact timing of a major climatic event cannot be pinned down — a catastrophic event in any given area could be in 50 years, in 10 years, or sooner.
Many countries and major companies have set net-zero targets for 2050 or beyond. Because carbon dioxide can last hundreds of years, and so much has already built up, scientists say the damage could take centuries to reverse.
The debate over the Amazon rainforest, the AP reports, is now when — not if — it will release more carbon dioxide than it holds.
More
More than half of all greenhouse gases produced by humans throughout history have been released into the atmosphere over the last 50 years.
Scientists told the AP that if their projections have erred, they have erred on the conservative side: climate impacts are happening faster than predicted. The U.K.'s own 2022 risk assessment, which gave 40C heat a 0.02% chance before 2040, was overtaken within months.
Tim Lenton, a climate science professor at the University of Exeter, put the case for talking about worst-case scenarios plainly. "We need to be talking about some of the worst things that can happen," he said. "It's natural to think that some bigger shocks are on the way."
The AP report was written by Peter Prengaman. It was carried by outlets including the Associated Press, CTV News, Yahoo News and The Independent.
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